In 1971, our forefathers fought against Pakistan and gave birth to Bangladesh. Through that Liberation War, Bangladesh emerged as an “antithesis” of communal politics -- practiced by the West Pakistan elites. Immediately after the liberation, Bangladesh based its constitution on nationalism, socialism, secularism, and democracy. Such spirit was not new for the Bengali nation. Instead, it was the implication of thousand years of practice of Bengali culture in this delta. Besides state-level, Bengali society also practices harmony and tolerance. The mosque and temple share the same yard in Lalmonirhat or Feni or Buddhist men donating property to build a mosque or sharing the joy of religious festivals -- all are shining examples of such a claim. However, with several attacks on minorities in recent times along with the spread of fanatic views regarding minority groups are putting strain on this rich tradition of communal harmony in Bangladesh. However, in this context, it is worth revisiting Bangladesh's rich tradition and emergent challenges to communal harmony. Communal harmony in this delta is vested within the Bengali nation's peace-loving and accepting nature. This resulted in creating a constitution with the same spirit of secularism immediately after independence. At present, religious minorities constitute about 12% of the current population of Bangladesh. Of these, Hindus constitute 10% of the population, Buddhists 1%, Christians 0.50%, and ethnic minorities less than 1%. Despite a small percentage, minorities alongside the majority enjoy equal treatment in the eye of the state. Even though the article is using the binary terms “minority” and “majority" to provide an understanding, the state does not acknowledge it. It sees all as “citizens,” and facilitates accordingly. For every religion, Bangladesh has dedicated legal frameworks for religious issues. Take for instance, Muslim marriage and inheritance law or Hindu marriage law. There are also arrangements under the law for people who do not identify with any religion. The government also provides equal security for religious festivals -- deploying extra security forces to ensure safety and making it mandatory to install CCTV at the temples for better security. The recently published “2022 Report on International Religious Freedom” published by the US State Department acknowledges that Bangladesh police solved 105 religious cases out of 142 filed after the communal attack in 2021. Besides the government's efforts, the report also mentions the declining fatwa trend in Bangladesh. In the 1980s and 1990s, fatwas given by local clerics used to violate the human rights of common rural people. However, after the government's banning and awareness campaign, the issue of fatwa has almost ended. The US report also acknowledged the healthy interfaith harmony existing within the society. The report also acknowledged one interesting aspect of communal harmony in Bangladesh. According to the report, the Christian Mission is the second-largest contributor to Bangladesh's education after the government with 270 educational institutions. And students attending these institutions come from diverse religious backgrounds. The report also highlighted that even though the law doesn't permit making special arrangements in prison during religious festivals, our prison management makes special arrangements on such festivals traditionally. For instance, the rich food provided in prison on Eid day is out of scope in existing law, but the authority provides so, honouring the tradition and goodwill. Not only the latest US report, but Pope Francis also lauded Bangladesh for upholding religious and communal harmony. The Holy Papal appreciated Bangladesh's interfaith harmony and cultural diversity in 2017 during his visit to Bangladesh. Challenges to communal harmony The “rumour-instigated attacks on temples” are arguably the biggest concern for Bangladesh's communal harmony. During the religious festivals, fanatics and extremists spread rumours on social media about potential blasphemy that enrages some sections of the population - resulting in violence and attacks on minority people. The attack on the Buddhist Community in Ramu in 2012, the attack on the Hindu Community in Comilla in 2021, and the Nasirnagar incident of 2016 are some of the incidents that have put a strain. To avoid further incidents, the government is relying on rounding-up security during religious events and installing CCTV -- an effort that the US report acknowledged. Besides violent attacks, fanatic quarters often feed hate speeches that adversely affect the social fabric. The mob attack against the Ahmadiyya community is also another concern for Bangladesh's communal harmony. Home-grown Islamist terrorism also posed a serious challenge -- but now it has been curbed thanks to the government's counter-terrorism effort. Besides the fanatic quarters and extremist factions, the spillover effect of communal and ethnopolitics in South Asia also plays an important role in putting strain. The communal violence in India, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka also affects the sentiment of ourpeople. Fanatic quarters take advantage of this situation and exploit their emotions. In the 21st century, social media also has a significant role in either preserving or harming communal harmony. The “viral culture” and easy manipulation of these platforms makes it easier for the fundamentalists to spread rumours, misinformation, and communal propaganda. Even though the government has made a considerable effort to curb it, it is not possible without the cooperation of social media corporations. The society also shares a responsibility in this regard. Both on an individual and collective level, we must make rational decisions before taking any decision. Otherwise, we will only become a pawn for fundamentalist politics. Our goal should be moving towards a more tolerant and harmonious society, preserving our spirit of secularism and cultural diversity.
(Courtesy dhaka tribune)